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1.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM133132
Első szerző:Béni Emese
Cím:Applying the Enhanced Free Cooling Concept : A Case Study on Reducing Mechanical Cooling Demand / Béni Emese, Józsa Szabolcs, L. Szabó, Gábor
Dátum:2025
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:Increasingly stringent energy directives of the European Union, combined with rising cooling demands due to climate change, urge the investigation of energy-efficient cooling solutions. Free cooling offers a viable approach to reducing energy consumption. How- ever, its effectiveness and applicability across different building types remain insuffi- ciently established. This study aims to minimise mechanical cooling energy demand through the implementation of enhanced free cooling (EFC) as an operational control strategy in office, residential, and small commercial buildings. The introduction of the ef- ficiency of EFC (?fc ) supports this analysis by quantifying how effectively EFC exploits free cooling potential in defined thermal and mechanical conditions based on an analytical approach supported by simplified simulations (in Microsoft Excel). The case study indi- cates that the east-oriented office building with a 40% glazing ratio achieves the highest cooling energy savings (49.63%) on the target summer day. For the residential building, savings are lower (37.78%) but more stable across the hot and the extremely hot days. The results further show that the influence of building orientation diminishes as external tem- perature increases, while higher glazing ratios stabilise ?fc across the examined thermal conditions. Analysis of the connection between air exchange rate and mechanical cooling energy savings identifies a critical resistance point (nopt ), defined as the ventilation rate beyond which no further cooling energy savings occur. The results enable practical appli- cations in building operation and support both improved energy efficiency and the ad- vancement of sustainable HVAC design.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
free cooling
energy saving
free cooling resistance point
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 15 : 21 (2025), p. 1-29. -
További szerzők:Józsa Szabolcs L. Szabó Gábor (1987-) (épületgépész)
Pályázati támogatás:TKP2021-NKTA-34
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2.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM113735
035-os BibID:(WoS)001056770900001 (Scopus)85169143581
Első szerző:Bodó Béla (gépészmérnök, épületgépész)
Cím:A Facility's Energy Demand Analysis for Different Building Functions / Béla Bodó, Emese Béni, Gábor L. Szabó
Dátum:2023
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:A more accurate determination of energy demands for the buildings is of utmost importance for estimating future energy demands. This article presents two novel ideas that have the potential to contribute to a more precise determination of expected energy demands. The first idea involves accounted the building's function more thoroughly, which enables the determination of different energy demands for two or more identical buildings, depending on their respective usage func-tions. According to a case study, the heating energy demand can be up to twice as high in a commercial facility compared to a residential building. Similarly, the cooling energy requirement can also differ. The second idea concerns determining the heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) values from the daily minimum and maximum temperatures. This idea may be relevant when few instantaneous values are available for the daily mean temperature. Ac-cording to the case study, the calculating values from the daily minimum and maximum temper-atures follow the HDD and CDD values specified from the daily mean temperature. However, the difference is less than 2% for the heating season but higher for the cooling season. Therefore, further research is required to refine the constants in the cooling equation.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
balance-point temperature
degree day
energy demand
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 13 : 8 (2023), p. 1-18. -
További szerzők:Béni Emese L. Szabó Gábor (1987-) (épületgépész)
Pályázati támogatás:TKP2021-NKTA
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3.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM135742
Első szerző:Csomós György (településmérnök, geográfus)
Cím:Investigating the Green and Thermal Environmental Quality of Educational Institutions in an Urban Planning Context : A Debrecen Case Study / Csomós György, Bertalan-Balázs Boglárka, Farkas Jenő Zsolt
Dátum:2026
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:Since children spend a significant portion of their developmental years in educational settings, the environmental quality of these institutions - specifically, the extent to which they expose their occupants to green space and heat stress - is a critical determinant of well-being and academic performance. This study assesses the green environmental quality of 121 educational institutions (kindergartens, and elementary and secondary schools) in Debrecen, Hungary. The main objective of the research is to identify educational institutions that require immediate intervention to address their lack of green spaces, improve the green environment, and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. A further aim of the study is to understand how different urban planning practices over the past century have led to the current situation. Therefore, we utilized high-resolution geospatial data (specifically, WorldView-2 imagery) to classify schoolyard vegetation; Landsat data to derive Land Surface Temperature (LST); and the Hoover index to quantify institutions' spatial concentration. We developed a composite indicator to categorize green environmental quality and heat stress exposure. Our results reveal deep spatial and institutional inequalities. 47.5% of students attend institutions with low environmental quality. While kindergartens typically offer green-rich environments, secondary schools with significant student populations?which are primarily concentrated in the dense historical downtown?are trapped in "grey" zones possessing poor environmental quality. Furthermore, we identify a "green paradox" in socialist housing estates: despite abundant surrounding greenery, schools here record high LST values due to the heat-trapping morphology of vertical concrete structures. The study also highlights institutional maladaptation, such as converting schoolyards into parking lots and using rubber pavements for safety reasons, which contributes to the deterioration of environmental quality. We conclude that current urban planning and school architecture must shift paradigms, treating schoolyards as integral components of the public green infrastructure network through climate-adaptive design. In addition, stakeholders should develop the green environment of educational institutions comprehensively, taking into account both on-site and surrounding green spaces.
Tárgyszavak:Természettudományok Földtudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
educational institution
schoolyard
urban green space
land surface temperature
urban planning
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 16 : 4 (2026), p. 1-20. -
További szerzők:Balázs Boglárka (1985-) (geográfus) Farkas Jenő Zsolt
Pályázati támogatás:K142121
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4.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM043957
035-os BibID:(WoS)000320426700053 (Scopus)84876395432
Első szerző:Hrabovszky-Horváth Sára
Cím:Generalized residential building typology for urban climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies : The case of Hungary / Sára Hrabovszky-Horváth, Tamás Pálvölgyi, Tamás Csoknyai, Attila Talamon
Dátum:2013
ISSN:0378-7788
Megjegyzések:Climate change has a dual implication on the built environment: on one hand human settlements and buildings are vulnerable to the effects of changing climate and on the other hand the building sector has a significant climate change mitigation potential. The relevant sustainable development and building policies as well as the building design, construction and maintenance strategies should jointly respond both to adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. What should city developers focus on in order to plan a sustainable and safe city in a changing climate? This paper provides answers to this question, presenting a bottom-up methodology based on a generalized building typology of the residential building stock in order to estimate the mitigation potential and vulnerability of the residential sector. During the research, a case study has been implemented in Hungary to assess the structural impacts and vulnerability on the roof, particularly with respect to the wind load and to estimate the potential decrease of CO2 emission through refurbishment. Through the case study the paper highlights the most problematic areas of the city both from vulnerability and mitigation point of view where the attention of the city developers should be turned.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Építészmérnöki tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:Energy and Buildings. - 62 : 7 (2013), p. 475-485. -
További szerzők:Talamon Attila (1985-) (gépészmérnök, mechatronikai mérnök, számítógépes tervező szakmérnök) Pálvölgyi Tamás Csoknyai Tamás (1975-) (épületgépész mérnök)
Pályázati támogatás:TÁMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0041
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5.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM129854
Első szerző:Kalmár Ferenc (gépészmérnök)
Cím:Comparison of Energy Demand for Heating and CO2 Emissions in Urban and Rural Areas, the Case of Hajdú-Bihar County, Hungary / Kalmár Ferenc, Bodó Béla, Kalmár Tünde
Dátum:2025
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:Mitigating carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector is a primary global goal. This paper compares different residential buildings in urban and rural regions of Hajdú-Bihar County (Hungary). Significant differences were found between urban and rural single-family houses concerning their energy performance; however, the differences in CO2 emissions were not significant. Only the differences in specific heat losses were significant between urban single-family and masonry-structured multifamily buildings. Panel buildings demonstrate the best energy performance from their construction period, but due to high investment costs and the inability to change the heat source, the CO2 emissions from these buildings have a lower limit today. In both single-family houses and masonry-structured multifamily buildings, meeting the heat demand can be achieved with zero CO2 emissions using existing technologies.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
urban residential buildings
rural residential buildings
multifamily buildings
heat losses
heat demand
CO2 emissions
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 15 : 10 (2025), p. 1-24. -
További szerzők:Bodó Béla (1980-) (gépészmérnök, épületgépész) Kalmár Tünde (1978-) (gépészmérnök)
Pályázati támogatás:TKP2021-NKTA-34
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6.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM122088
035-os BibID:(WoS)001254596800001 (Scopus)85197876508
Első szerző:Kalmár Ferenc (gépészmérnök)
Cím:Decarbonization Potential of Energy Used in Detached Houses-Case Study / Ferenc Kalmár, Béla Bodó, Baizhan Li, Tünde Kalmár
Dátum:2024
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:The main objectives of this study were the energy assessment of detached houses built in different periods in a central European city. A total of 236 detached houses built between 1930 and 2023 in Debrecen (Hungary) were analyzed from an energy perspective, and their CO2 emissions were measured. It was found that the net floor area of family houses built in recent years has increased but that the compactness of buildings has increased as well. The specific heat loss coefficient and the specific energy demand for heating in new buildings have decreased to 15.2% and 18.5%, respectively, over the last 90 years. Furthermore, around one third of the analyzed buildings built several decades ago must have already been renovated at least once for energy efficiency, as their heat demands are 27.6-41.4% lower than estimated. Energy consumption in six houses built in recent years was measured and studied. It was found that the occupants` behavior may increase CO2 emissions from heating by 26%, while CO2 emissions from hot-water preparation may decrease by 38.2%. The potential of the locally available sources of renewable energy was calculated, and the costs of decarbonization packages for eight building groups were evaluated.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
decarbonization
detached houses
renovation
behavior
renewable energy sources
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 14 : 6 (2024), p. 1-19. -
További szerzők:Bodó Béla (1980-) (gépészmérnök, épületgépész) Li, Baizhan Kalmár Tünde (1978-) (gépészmérnök)
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7.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM075337
035-os BibID:(WoS)000449901000013 (Scopus)85053785183
Első szerző:Kalmár Ferenc (gépészmérnök)
Cím:Study of human response in conditions of surface heating, asymmetric radiation and variable air jet direction / Ferenc Kalmár, Tünde Kalmár
Dátum:2018
ISSN:0378-7788
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok magyar nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:Energy And Buildings. - 179 (2018), p. 133-143. -
További szerzők:Kalmár Tünde (1978-) (gépészmérnök)
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8.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM047085
035-os BibID:(WoS)000324449800005 (Scopus)84879477077
Első szerző:Kalmár Ferenc (gépészmérnök)
Cím:Alternative personalized ventilation / Ferenc Kalmár, Tünde Kalmár
Dátum:2013
ISSN:0378-7788
Megjegyzések:Draught is usually avoidable if proper thermal comfort is to be obtained. Nevertheless in hot environ-ments people try to improve their thermal comfort increasing artificially the air movement around thehead using fans. Using personalized ventilation systems extreme high values of air or mean radiant tem-peratures, or even high relative humidity values can be compensated by air flow velocity. Taking intoaccount that the number of cold receptors in the skin exceeds the number of warm receptors and thevelocity of cold information exceeds around ten times the velocity of warm information an innovativepersonalized ventilation system was developed. The air flow is coming alternatively from three differentdirections and the frequency of direction changing might be set on request. Experiments have shownthat in high temperature environments using the developed equipment neutral or even slightly coldsensations might be obtained.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Personalized ventilation
draught
turbulence intensity
ALTAIR
Megjelenés:Energy and Buildings. - 65 : 4 (2013), p. 37-44. -
További szerzők:Kalmár Tünde (1978-) (gépészmérnök)
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9.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM043409
035-os BibID:(WoS)000313152400044 (Scopus)84870590230
Első szerző:Kalmár Ferenc (gépészmérnök)
Cím:Interrelation between mean radiant temperature and room geometry / Kalmár, Ferenc, Kalmár, Tünde
Dátum:2012
ISSN:0378-7788
Megjegyzések:Energy saving is one of the most important research directions in the building sector. Daily new HVAC solutions and equipments are developed aiming higher efficiency and lower fossil fuel utilisation. There are cases when only the energy quantity is taken into account and the human side of the problem is neglected. The new energy saving ideas should be analysed from thermal comfort point too. The aim of our research was to see which the influence of the room geometry on the mean radiant temperature is, assuming similar heating systems and thermal properties of the building envelope. It was found that mean radiant temperature has a parabolic variation with the room height and length, so for a room shape there is a certain height for which the mean radiant temperature is minimal. The occupant position in the room influences the obtained values. Lower mean radiant temperature values are obtained for surface heating systems. After thermal refurbishment of buildings the mean radiant temperature will be lower
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Mean radiant temperature
Thermal comfort
Room geometry
Megjelenés:Energy and Buildings. - 55 (2012), p. 414-421. -
További szerzők:Kalmár Tünde (1978-) (gépészmérnök)
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10.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM063825
035-os BibID:(WoS)000381529300008 (Scopus)84969730163
Első szerző:Kerekes Attila (épületgépész)
Cím:How to interpret the renewable share? / Attila Kerekes, András Zöld
Dátum:2016
ISSN:0378-7788
Megjegyzések:Aiming at decarbonisation threshold of primary energy consumption is on the top of nearly Zero Energy Building requirements. Disputable instructions suggest that parallel a threshold of compulsory renewable share should be prescribed excluding utilised passive solar gains although the last covers a considerable fraction of heat losses. Elementary requirements such as thresholds of heat transfer coefficients encompass low peak load rather than low heating energy consumption. These features of directives and updated or planned national regulations do not motivate designers to take advantage of passive solar systems. Instead of reckoning the building itself as the most artless solar system utilisation of active systems are forced disregarding any life cycle aspects. Simulation of heating energy consumption of a set of sample buildings illustrates the considerable role of passive solar gain in existing and nearly Zero Energy buildings and the conflicting aspects of peak load versus consumption. The intention of authors is to initiate the reconsideration of formal rules.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Passive solar gain
Regulation
Renewable share
Megjelenés:Energy and Buildings. - 126 (2016), p. 70-76. -
További szerzők:Zöld András (1939-2023) (gépészmérnök, épületgépész)
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11.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM113551
035-os BibID:(WoS)001035102100001 (Scopus)85166219019
Első szerző:Kostyák Attila (1990-)
Cím:Investigation of Sensible Cooling Performance in the Case of an Air Handling Unit System with Indirect Evaporative Cooling: Indirect Evaporative Cooling Effects for the Additional Cooling System of Buildings / Attila Kostyák, Szabolcs Szekeres, Imre Csáky
Dátum:2023
ISSN:2075-5309
Megjegyzések:Previous studies have shown that the amount of energy consumed by mechanical cooling can be significantly reduced by the indirect evaporative cooling (IEC) process. By increasing the heat recovery efficiency of air handling units (AHUs), sensible cooling performance can be achieved with the IEC process for a significant part of the cooling season. This study determined the sensible cooling performance under which outdoor air conditions can be achieved. With IEC, the indoor humidity load cannot be adequately managed and must be solved by a supplementary cooling system, which may require additional cooling energy. This study shows the effect of the set indoor humidity on the amount of cooling energy required. The increase in energy consumption of the supplementary cooling system has been determined by simulation and for which indoor air conditions the amount of cooling energy used can be optimized if only IEC cooling is used in the air handling unit.
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Gépészeti tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
indirect evaporative cooling
evaporative cooling
air handling unit
cooling system
cooling energy
heat recovery
Megjelenés:Buildings. - 13 : 7 (2023), p. 1-17. -
További szerzők:Szekeres Szabolcs (1982-) (Okleveles létesítménymérnök) Csáky Imre (1982-) (épületgépész mérnök)
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12.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM090628
035-os BibID:(WoS)000634882800008 (Scopus)85100755659
Első szerző:Lakatos Ákos (fizikus, környezetmérnök, létesítménymérnök)
Cím:Comparison of thermal insulation performance of Vacuum Insulation Panels with EPS protection layers measured with different methods / Ákos Lakatos, Zsolt Kovács
Dátum:2021
ISSN:0378-7788
Tárgyszavak:Műszaki tudományok Anyagtudományok és technológiák idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:Energy And Buildings. - 236 (2021), p. 1-12. -
További szerzők:Kovács Zsolt (mérnök)
Pályázati támogatás:Bolyai János Kutatási Ösztöndíj
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