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001-es BibID:	BIBFORM087826
Első szerző:	Tamás János (környezetgazdálkodási agrármérnök)
Cím:	Sustainable Agricultural Biogas Production / Tamás János
Dátum:	2010
ISSN:	1224-6255 2065-3484
Megjegyzések:	Agriculture is a young member of the energy and waste management sector, thus, it does not have adequate practical experiences to define and manage environmental risks of its activities. Under the conditions of investment and energy politics of Hungary and Central East Europe, biogas plants can be only partial solutions. Critical point is the absences of complex integration of logistics and energy production and consumption related to the centralized biogas production of high capacity, and the by-product recycling. In the new members of the EU countries, the extate and ownership structure includes primary and secondary biomass sources separately, leading to further contradictions in operations. In our study, the first aim was to develop technologies adapted to biomass production specific to the BátorCoop Ltd., Hungary; the second aim was to develop recycling technologies for hazardous materials, such as dead animals and slaughtering wastes as tertiary biomass sources; and the third aim was to develop a unified product tracking system from the supplying to the utilization of the fermentation outlet. The BátorCoop group started to operate its biogas plant in 2003 in Nyírbátor, in the Northwestern Region of Hungary. In the plant, mainly animal waste (39%) and manure (29%), and crop product (13%) as well as crop waste (19%) are utilized. Crop resources are produced on 3.000 ha own land, and 5.000 ha contracted with cooperations. The cattle breeding produces milk of 9 million liter per year, while broiler breeding includes production of 5 million chickens per year. At the slaughterhouse, 9 million broiler per year is processed. In the biogas plant, homogenized raw materials are loaded every four hours from two homogenizers, 628 m3 of each, in turn, to 6 mezophil reactors, 628 m3 of each, for pre-fermentation. Biomass then is loaded to 6 thermophil reactors having 7419 m3 effective volume. Gas utilization takes place in 4 heat-exchange units of 2600 kWh, by which, 1.000-1.200 kWh electric energy is sold, while hot water is utilized by the chicken slaughterhouse. As part of our study, the effect and changes of N%, C%, dry and organic material and C/N ratio in raw materials, found in mezophil digester, were examined regarding its biogas quantity. The maximum gas yield was observed in case of 2.76% N content, which suggests that reducing of the input nitrogen increases the biogas yield. Highest biogas yields were found within 33.55-34.3% carbon content. The maximum gas yield was found at 12.2-12.35 C/N ratio. Considering the broiler slaughterhouse, significant amount of feather is produced, the hydrolytic decomposition of which is difficult, thus a preparative step should have been worked out. The high protein content of poultry feather makes it a suitable raw material as amino acid and fatty acid subtrat for biogas production. Experiments made by using Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, however, made possible feather liquefying. For prepared feather content of 1%, ratio of H2S was found < 300 ppm, while at 5%, it increased to 620 ppm. For the input logistical system, coordinates of suppliers and distances from the plant were measured with GPS. For the authorized routes, 20 m buffer distance was calculated. When a track is over this distance without permission, the system alarms the the operative of the biogas plant; in this way, illegal discharge of hazardous wastes can be prevented. Discharge of biogas outlet has two alternatives for a biogas plant: A) transport in irrigation pipeline and discharge with water cannon having self-propelled drum; and B) transport on vehicle and surface discharge with using deflector accessories. As part of the work, data sets for GIS mapping for the precision control within the land sections were created for both technologies. During the decision making, basic data can be up-dated and optimized according to the actual nutrient and water content, and cultivation plan. During the planning, several data had to be digitalized to determine the unsutable areas and safety buffer zones. Loading results into the job computer of the discharging vehicle, movement of the vehicle itself can also be planned and monitored during the discharge.
Tárgyszavak:	Természettudományok Földtudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban folyóiratcikk sustainable agriculture biogas production
Megjelenés:	Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Fascicula: Protecţia Mediului. - 15 (2010), p. 189-197. -
Pályázati támogatás:	Hungarian Barros-2006 Egyéb
Internet cím:	Szerző által megadott URL Intézményi repozitóriumban (DEA) tárolt változat
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