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001-es BibID:	BIBFORM085694
035-os BibID:	(cikkazonosító)108926
Első szerző:	Nagy Károly (népegészségügyi felügyelő)
Cím:	Systematic review of comparative studies assessing the toxicity of pesticide active ingredients and their product formulations / Nagy Károly, Duca Radu Corneliu, Lovas Szabolcs, Creta Matteo, Scheepers Paul T. J., Godderis Lode, Ádám Balázs
Dátum:	2020
ISSN:	0013-9351
Megjegyzések:	Humans are exposed to complex chemical mixtures, such as pesticides. Although the need for the assessment of health and environmental hazards deriving from the interactions between various substances found in commercial pesticide formulations is becoming increasingly recognized, the approval of pesticide products is still mostly limited to determining the toxicity of the individual ingredients ignoring the possible combined effects in mixtures. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature of in vitro and in vivo studies that simultaneously examine the toxicity of pesticide product formulations and their declared active ingredients to compare their toxicity to human health and to the environment. Two electronic databases were searched for studies that assessed the health effects of active pesticide ingredients and their product formulations. The literature search was performed with a combination of the following terms: "pesticide", "formulation", "commercial product", "commercial pesticide" and "health". After screening by predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, quality and reliability assessment of eligible publications was conducted by use of the ToxRTool. Two investigators independently screened the identified publications and extracted results from eligible studies. Our search yielded 36 toxicity studies; 23 studies investigated herbicides, 15 examined insecticides and 4 focused on fungicides. Twenty-four studies reported increased toxicity of the product formulations versus their active ingredients, which, in most cases, were attributed to the presence of adjuvants in the formulations. A significant number (n = 10) of studies focused on the comparative testing of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides, and six of them concluded that Roundup, the dominant product formulation of glyphosate, is more toxic than the active ingredient alone. We identified only 8 studies demonstrating reduced toxicity of product formulations in relation to the active ingredient that might be due to a potential antagonistic effect between the constituents. The results of this review demonstrate the inadequacy of current EU testing requirements for assessing the health hazards of pesticide product formulations based mainly on the evaluation of the individual ingredients and of at least one representative use and formulation. Ignoring the possible risks deriving from the interaction between the active and other ingredients of various commercial pesticide product formulations might result in the misinterpretation of its toxicological profile. At EU level efforts are currently made to address this issue. In this context, we recommend that all product formulations should be fully assessed during the authorization process.
Tárgyszavak:	Orvostudományok Egészségtudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:	Environmental Research. - 181 (2020), p. 1-19. -
További szerzők:	Duca, Radu Corneliu Lovas Szabolcs (1989-) (tudományos segédmunkatárs) Creta, Matteo Scheepers, Paul T. J. Godderis, Lode Ádám Balázs (1973-) (megelőző orvostan és népegészségtan szakorvos)
Pályázati támogatás:	EFOP-3.6.1-16-2016-00022 EFOP
Internet cím:	Szerző által megadott URL DOI Intézményi repozitóriumban (DEA) tárolt változat
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001-es BibID:	BIBFORM085659
035-os BibID:	(cikkazonosító)108851 (WoS)000502685500020 (Scopus)85074159335
Első szerző:	Nagy Károly (népegészségügyi felügyelő)
Cím:	Comparative cyto- and genotoxicity assessment of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides in human peripheral white blood cells / Nagy Károly, Tessema Roba Argaw, Budnik Lygia Therese, Ádám Balázs
Dátum:	2019
ISSN:	0013-9351
Megjegyzések:	Glyphosate is the most heavily applied active compound of agricultural pesticides. It is solely used in more than 750 different glyphosate-based herbicide formulations (GBHs) that also contain other substances, mostly presumed as inert by regulatory agencies. The toxicity of formulations is currently assessed substance by substance, neglecting possible combined effects in mixtures and many of the findings regarding the toxic effects of glyphosate and GBHs to human cells are inconsistent. This is the first study to investigate and compare the cyto- and genotoxic potential of the active ingredient glyphosate and GBHs in human mononuclear white blood (HMWB) cells. HMWB cells were treated for 4 h at 37 ?C with increasing concentrations (1?1000 ?M) of glyphosate alone and in three GBHs (Roundup Mega, Fozat 480 and Glyfos) to test cytotoxic effect with fluorescent colabelling and genotoxic effect with comet assay. In addition, each concentration was tested with and without metabolic activation using human liver S9 fraction. We found that glyphosate alone does not induce significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity over the tested concentration range. Contrarily, GBHs induced statistically significant cell death from 250 ?M (Roundup Mega and Glyfos) and 500 ?M (Fozat 480), as well as statistically significant increase of DNA damage from 500 ?M (Roundup Mega and Glyfos) and 750 ?M (Fozat 480); however, the latter observation may not be explained by direct DNA injuries, rather due to the high level of cell death (> 70%) exerted by the formulations. Metabolic activation significantly increased the DNA damage levels induced by Glyfos, but not of the other GBHs and of glyphosate. The differences observed in the toxic pattern of formulations and the active principle may be attributed to the higher cytotoxic activity of other ingredients in the formulations or to the interaction of them with the active ingredient glyphosate. Hence, further investigation of formulations is crucial for assessing the true health risks of occupational and environmental exposures.
Tárgyszavak:	Orvostudományok Egészségtudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:	Environmental Research. - 179 (2019), p. 1-7. -
További szerzők:	Tessema, Roba Argaw (1979-) Budnik, Lygia Therese Ádám Balázs (1973-) (megelőző orvostan és népegészségtan szakorvos)
Pályázati támogatás:	Stipendium Hungaricum Programme of the Tempus Public Foundation Egyéb
Internet cím:	Szerző által megadott URL DOI Intézményi repozitóriumban (DEA) tárolt változat
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