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001-es BibID:BIBFORM059184
Első szerző:László Zoltán (biokémikus, molekuláris biológus)
Cím:Predation on Rose Galls : Parasitoids and Predators Determine Gall Size through Directional Selection / Zoltán László, Katalin Sólyom, Hunor Prázsmári, Zoltán Barta, Béla Tóthmérész
Dátum:2014
ISSN:1932-6203
Megjegyzések:Both predators and parasitoids can have significant effects on species' life history traits, such as longevity or clutch size. In the case of gall inducers, sporadically there is evidence to suggest that both vertebrate predation and insect parasitoid attack may shape the optimal gall size. While the effects of parasitoids have been studied in detail, the influence of vertebrate predation is less well-investigated. To better understand this aspect of gall size evolution, we studied vertebrate predation on galls of Diplolepis rosae on rose (Rosa canina) shrubs. We measured predation frequency, predation incidence, and predation rate in a large-scale observational field study, as well as an experimental field study. Our combined results suggest that, similarly to parasitoids, vertebrate predation makes a considerable contribution to mortality of gall inducer larvae. On the other hand, its influence on gall size is in direct contrast to the effect of parasitoids, as frequency of vertebrate predation increases with gall size. This suggests that the balance between predation and parasitoid attack shapes the optimal size of D. rosae galls.
Tárgyszavak:Természettudományok Biológiai tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
BINOMINALS
BIRDS
FORESTS
PREDATION
INSECTS
PARASITISM
SHRUBS
VERTEBRATES
Megjelenés:Plos One. - 9 : 6 (2014), p. e99806-. -
További szerzők:Sólyom Katalin Prázsmári Hunor Barta Zoltán (1967-) (biológus, zoológus) Tóthmérész Béla (1960-) (ökológus)
Pályázati támogatás:K75696
OTKA
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2.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM066058
035-os BibID:(cikkazonosító)e0149662 (WOS)000371276100125 (Scopus)84960517363
Első szerző:Lengyel Szabolcs (biológus)
Cím:Species Richness Responses to Structural or Compositional Habitat Diversity between and within Grassland Patches: A Multi-Taxon Approach / Lengyel Szabolcs, Déri Eszter, Magura Tibor
Dátum:2016
ISSN:1932-6203
Megjegyzések:Habitat diversity (spatial heterogeneity within and between habitat patches in a landscape,HD) is often invoked as a driver of species diversity at small spatial scales. However, theeffect of HD on species richness (SR) of multiple taxa is not well understood. We quantifiedHD and SR in a wet-dry gradient of open grassland habitats in Hortobágy National Park (EHungary)and tested the effect of compositional and structural factors of HD on SR of floweringplants, orthopterans, true bugs, spiders, ground beetles and birds. Our dataset on 434grassland species (170 plants, 264 animals) showed that the wet-dry gradient (compositionalHD at the between-patch scale) was primarily related to SR in orthopterans, grounddwellingarthropods, and all animals combined. The patchiness, or plant association richness,of the vegetation (compositional HD at the within-patch scale) was related to SR ofvegetation-dwelling arthropods, whereas vegetation height (structural HD at the withinpatchscale) was related to SR of ground-dwelling arthropods and birds. Patch area wasrelated to SR only in birds, whereas management (grazing, mowing, none) was related toSR of plants and true bugs. All relationships between HD and SR were positive, indicatingincreasing SR with increasing HD. However, total SR was not related to HD because differenttaxa showed similar positive responses to different HD variables. Our findings, therefore,show that even though HD positively influences SR in a wide range of grassland taxa,each taxon responds to different compositional or structural measures of HD, resulting inthe lack of a consistent relationship between HD and SR when taxon responses are pooled.The idiosyncratic responses shown here exemplify the difficulties in detecting general HDSRrelationships over multiple taxa. Our results also suggest that management and restorationaimed specifically to sustain or increase the diversity of habitats are required to conservebiodiversity in complex landscapes.
Tárgyszavak:Természettudományok Biológiai tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
folyóiratcikk
Megjelenés:Plos One. - 11 : 2 (2016), p. e0149662. -
További szerzők:Déri Eszter (1982-) Magura Tibor (1969-) (ökológus)
Pályázati támogatás:Bolyai János Kutatási Ösztöndíj
MTA
K-106133
OTKA
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3.

001-es BibID:BIBFORM059191
Első szerző:Török Péter (biológus-ökológus)
Cím:Traditional Cattle Grazing in a Mosaic Alkali Landscape : Effects on Grassland Biodiversity along a Moisture Gradient / Péter Török, Orsolya Valkó, Balázs Deák , András Kelemen, Béla Tóthmérész
Dátum:2014
ISSN:1932-6203
Megjegyzések:Extensively managed pastures are of crucial importance in sustaining biodiversity both in local- and landscape-level. Thus, re-introduction of traditional grazing management is a crucial issue in grassland conservation actions worldwide. Traditional grazing with robust cattle breeds in low stocking rates is considered to be especially useful to mimic natural grazing regimes, but well documented case-studies are surprisingly rare on this topic. Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of traditional Hungarian Grey cattle grazing as a conservation action in a mosaic alkali landscape. We asked the following questions: (i) How does cattle grazing affect species composition and diversity of the grasslands? (ii) What are the effects of grazing on short-lived and perennial noxious species? (iii) Are there distinct effects of grazing in dry-, mesophilous- and wet grassland types? Vegetation of fenced and grazed plots in a 200-ha sized habitat complex (secondary dry grasslands and pristine mesophilous- and wet alkali grasslands) was sampled from 2006?2009 in East-Hungary. We found higher diversity scores in grazed plots compared to fenced ones in mesophilous- and wet grasslands. Higher cover of noxious species was typical in fenced plots compared to their grazed counterparts in the last year in every studied grassland type. We found an increasing effect of grazing from the dry- towards the wet grassland types. The year-to-year differences also followed similar pattern: the site-dependent effects were the lowest in the dry grassland and an increasing effect was detected along the moisture gradient. We found that extensive Hungarian Grey cattle grazing is an effective tool to suppress noxious species and to create a mosaic vegetation structure, which enables to maintain high species richness in the landscape. Hungarian Grey cattle can feed in open habitats along long moisture gradient, thus in highly mosaic landscapes this breed can be the most suitable livestock type.
Tárgyszavak:Természettudományok Biológiai tudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
Megjelenés:Plos One. - 9 : 5 (2014), p. e97095-. -
További szerzők:Valkó Orsolya (1985-) (biológus) Deák Balázs (1978-) (biológus) Kelemen András (1986-) (biológus-ökológus) Tóthmérész Béla (1960-) (ökológus)
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