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001-es BibID:	BIBFORM016174
Első szerző:	Lengyel Szabolcs (biológus)
Cím:	Convergent evolution of seed dispersal by ants, and phylogeny and biogeography in flowering plants : a global survey / Szabolcs Lengyel, Aaron D. Govec, Andrew M. Latimerd, Jonathan D. Majerc, Robert R. Dunn
Dátum:	2010
Megjegyzések:	Seed dispersal is a fundamental life history trait in plants. Although the recent surge of interest in seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) has added greatly to knowledge on the ecology of seed dispersal and ant-plant mutualisms, myrmecochory also represents a unique opportunity to examine the links between seed dispersal and evolution in flowering plants. Here we review the taxonomic, phylogenetic and biogeographic distribution of myrmecochory in flowering plants. Myrmecochory is mediated by elaiosomes, i.e., lipid-rich seed appendages that attract ants and serve as rewards for dispersal. We surveyed the literature for evidence of elaiosomes in angiosperm plants to estimate the global prevalence of myrmecochory. We then searched the literature for phylogenetic reconstructions to identify myrmecochorous lineages and to estimate the minimum number of independent evolutionary origins of myrmecochory. We found that myrmecochory is present in at least 11 000 species or 4.5% of all species, in 334 genera or 2.5% of all genera and in 77 families or 17% of all families of angiosperm plants. We identified at least 101, but possibly up to 147, independent origins of myrmecochory. We estimated three or more origins in 13 families and found that at least half the genera are myrmecochorous in 10 families. Most myrmecochorous lineages were Australian, South African or northern temperate (Holarctic). A mapping of families containing myrmecochorous genera on a dated angiosperm supertree showed that myrmecochory has evolved in most of the major angiosperm lineages and that it is more frequent in younger families (crown group age <80 million years) than in older ones. We suggest that the relatively low physiological and energetic costs of producing an elaiosome and the consistent selective benefits of myrmecochory (dispersal, protection from seed predators and fire, safe and nutrient-rich microsites) explain the numerous evolutionary and developmental origins of myrmecochory in angiosperm plants, and we propose that elaiosomes thus provide one of the most dramatic examples of convergent evolution in biology.
Tárgyszavak:	Természettudományok Környezettudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban Angiosperm diversification Elaiosome Mutualism Plant-animal interactions Plant diversity Plant fitness
Megjelenés:	Perspectivesin Plant Ecology, Evolutionand Systematics 12 : 1 (2010), p. 43-55. -
További szerzők:	Gove, Aaron D. Latimer, Andrew M. Majer, Jonathan D. Dunn, Robert R.
Internet cím:	Intézményi repozitóriumban (DEA) tárolt változat DOI
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001-es BibID:	BIBFORM010633
Első szerző:	Lengyel Szabolcs (biológus)
Cím:	Ants sow the seeds of global diversification in flowering plants / Szabolcs Lengyel, Aaron D. Gove, Andrew M. Latimer, Jonathan D. Majer, Robert R. Dunn
Dátum:	2009
Megjegyzések:	Background: The extraordinary diversification of angiosperm plants in the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods has produced an estimated 250,000-300,000 living angiosperm species and has fundamentally altered terrestrial ecosystems. Interactions with animals as pollinators or seed dispersers have long been suspected as drivers of angiosperm diversification, yet empirical examples remain sparse or inconclusive. Seed dispersal by ants (myrmecochory) may drive diversification as it can reduce extinction by providing selective advantages to plants and can increase speciation by enhancing geographical isolation by extremely limited dispersal distances.Methodology/Principal Findings: Using the most comprehensive sister-group comparison to date, we tested the hypothesis that myrmecochory leads to higher diversification rates in angiosperm plants. As predicted, diversification rates were substantially higher in ant-dispersed plants than in their non-myrmecochorous relatives. Data from 101 angiosperm lineages in 241 genera from all continents except Antarctica revealed that ant-dispersed lineages contained on average more than twice as many species as did their non-myrmecochorous sister groups. Contrasts in species diversity between sister groups demonstrated that diversification rates did not depend on seed dispersal mode in the sister group and were higher in myrmecochorous lineages in most biogeographic regions.Conclusions/Significance: Myrmecochory, which has evolved independently at least 100 times in angiosperms and is estimated to be present in at least 77 families and 11 000 species, is a key evolutionary innovation and a globally important driver of plant diversity. Myrmecochory provides the best example to date for a consistent effect of any mutualism on largescale diversification.
Tárgyszavak:	Természettudományok Környezettudományok idegen nyelvű folyóiratközlemény külföldi lapban
Megjelenés:	PloS One. - 4 : 5 (2009), p. e5480. -
További szerzők:	Gove, Aaron D. Latimer, Andrew M. Majer, Jonathan D. Dunn, Robert R.
Internet cím:	Intézményi repozitóriumban (DEA) tárolt változat Szerző által megadott URL DOI
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